However, in the context of localized molecular orbitals, the concept of a filled, non-bonding orbital tends to correspond to electrons described in Lewis structure terms as "lone pairs." In fully delocalized canonical molecular orbital theory, it is often the case that none of the molecular orbitals of a molecule are strictly non-bonding in nature. An example of a non-similar one is the non-bonding orbital of the allyl anion, whose electron density is concentrated on the first and third carbon atoms. They are therefore unable to overlap and interact with the s-type valence orbital on the hydrogen atom.Īlthough non-bonding orbitals are often similar to the atomic orbitals of their constituent atom, they do not need to be similar. For example, there are two rigorously non-bonding orbitals that are occupied in the ground state of the hydrogen fluoride diatomic molecule these molecular orbitals are localized on the fluorine atom and are composed of p-type atomic orbitals whose orientation is perpendicular to the internuclear axis. Its occupation neither increases nor decreases the stability of the molecule, relative to the atoms, since its energy is the same in the molecule as in one of the atoms. The energy of the orbital does not depend on the length of any bond within the molecule. In a simple diatomic molecule such as hydrogen fluoride ( chemical formula: HF example, the p x and p y orbitals remain p x and p y orbitals in shape but when viewed as molecular orbitals are thought of as non-bonding. As such, a non-bonding orbital with electrons would commonly be a HOMO ( highest occupied molecular orbital).Īccording to molecular orbital theory, molecular orbitals are often modeled by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The energy level of a non-bonding orbital is typically in between the lower energy of a valence shell bonding orbital and the higher energy of a corresponding antibonding orbital. Non-bonding orbitals are the equivalent in molecular orbital theory of the lone pairs in Lewis structures. Non-bonding orbitals are often designated by the letter n in molecular orbital diagrams and electron transition notations. JSTOR ( January 2008) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Ī non-bonding orbital, also known as non-bonding molecular orbital (NBMO), is a molecular orbital whose occupation by electrons neither increases nor decreases the bond order between the involved atoms.Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.įind sources: "Non-bonding orbital" – news Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification.
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